ABSTRACT Agro-ecosystem by-product of palm plantation and its industry has a potential carrying capacity in term of this feed resources, so it is necessary to be optimized through a complete feed (CF) which is technically and economically feasible for feed of sheep. The aim of study was optimizing the feed resource obtained from by-product of agro-ecosystem of palm plantation and its industry in order to increase ruminant productivity. The research were conducted in two stages, namely 1) survey to identify the potency of carrying capacity on agro-ecosystem of palm plantation and its industry, and 2) experiment study, to evaluate production and productivity of the sheep fed with CF which is formulated using by-product of agro-ecosystem of palm plantation and its industry. Research location of survei was palm plantations and its industry in PTPN XIII region Paser East Kalimantan. Sixteen male sheeps nine month old age with average body weight of 14.69 +0.82 kg were used in this experiment and CF was formulated from ammoniation-fermentation from palm midrib, palm leaves, palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) and fiber fruit juice (FFJ), also Centrosema sp., palm kernel cake (PKC), palm oil sludge (POS), ground corn, rice bran, cassava, molasses, urea, mineral mix and salt. Determination of survey sample used purposive sampling. Experimental study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and four replications. Treatment were CF with different levels of crude protein (CP), namely T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 10%, 12%, 14% and 16% respectively, ration was attempted 63% iso total digestible nutrients (TDN). Data collection such as follows: nutrient consumption, nutrient digestibility, homeostasis, animal production and the feasibility of CF. Analysis of survey data be descriptive while the experimental used ANOVA with significance level at 5% and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of Phase I showed that feed resources consists of bark, leaves, EFB, FFJ, PKC, POS and Centrosema sp. with production 9.43, 2.23, 4.98, 0.26, 0.19, 0.28, and 0.60 tons/ha/year respectively. The results of experimental studies showed that CP levels of CF significantly (p<0.05) increase dry matter consumption, the consumption of organic material, crude protein consumption CPC, consumption of total digestible nutrients (CTDN), digestiblility of dry matter, organic matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, haemoglobin, haematocrit, alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT); daily body weight gain and income over feed cost (IOFC). The CP levels of CF was not significant effect (p>0.05) on the efficiency and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Complete feed with different CP levels economically viable (justify >2 and positive net income). Optimization of feed resources utility through CF-based agro-ecosystem of palm plantation and its industry increase ruminant productivity, especially sheep was obtained on treatment T3 with CP levels of 14% and 64.21% TDN. Keyword: optimization, agro-ecosystem, palm, complete feed, ruminant Admin 2010 Hamdi Mayulu,Ir.,M.Si

Admin 2010 ABSTRAK Agroekosistem perkebunan dan industri kelapa sawit memiliki daya dukung (DD) hasil samping sumber daya pakan (SDP) yang potensial, sehingga perlu dioptimalkan melalui complete feed (CF) yang layak secara teknis dan ekonomis untuk pakan domba. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan SDP berbasis hasil samping agroekosistem perkebunan dan industri kelapa sawit dalam meningkatkan produktivitas ruminansia. Penelitian dilaksanakan dua tahap, yaitu 1) survei untuk mengidentifikasi potensi DD agroekosistem perkebunan dan industri kelapa sawit, dan 2) eksperimental untuk mengetahui produktivitas domba akibat perlakuan CF berbasis hasil samping perkebunan dan industri kelapa sawit. Sasaran penelitian survei adalah perkebunan dan industri kelapa sawit di PTPN XIII Kabupaten Paser Kalimantan Timur. Materi eksperimental menggunakan domba jantan 16 ekor umur + 9 bulan bobot 14,69+0,82 kg dan CF yang diformulasi dari bahan yang diamofer yaitu pelepah, daun, tandan kosong sawit (TKS) dan serat perasan buah (SPB), ditambah Centrosema sp., bungkil inti sawit (BIS), lumpur minyak sawit (LMS), jagung giling, dedak, onggok, molases, urea, mineral mix dan garam. Penentuan sampel survei secara purposive sampling. Penelitian eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan, CF dengan kadar protein kasar (PK) yaitu T1, T2, T3 dan T4 berturut-turut 10%, 12%, 14% dan 16%, ransum diupayakan iso TDN 63%. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah konsumsi nutrien, kecernaan nutrien, homeostasis, produksi ternak dan kelayakan CF. Analisis data penelitian survei dilakukan secara deskriptif sedangkan penelitian eksperimental menggunakan ANOVA taraf signifikansi 5% dan dilanjutkan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian survei menunjukkan produksi bahan kering SDP terdiri dari pelepah, daun, TKS, SPB, BIS, LMS dan Centrosema sp. secara berurutan (BK) 9,43, 2,23, 4,98, 0,26, 0,19, 0,28, dan 0,60 ton/ha/tahun. Hasil penelitian eksperimental menunjukkan bahwa kadar PK CF nyata (p<0,05) meningkatkan konsumsi bahan kering KBK, konsumsi bahan organik KBO, konsumsi protein kasar KPK, konsumsi total digestible nutrients KTDN; kecernaan bahan kering KcBK, kecernaan bahan organik KcBO, kecernaan protein kasar KcPK; hemoglobin (Hb), hematokrit (Ht), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), pertambahan bobot badan harian (PBBH) dan income over feed cost (IOFC). Kadar PK CF tidak berpengaruh nyata (p>0,05) terhadap efisiensi dan feed conversion ratio (FCR). Complete feed dengan kadar PK berbeda layak secara ekonomis (justifikasi >2 dan net income yang positif). Optimasi pemanfaatan SDP melalui CF berbasis agroekosistem perkebunan dan industri kelapa sawit dapat meningkatkan produktivitas ruminansia khususnya domba dan diperoleh pada CF perlakuan T3 dengan kadar PK 14% dan TDN 64,21%. Kata kunci: optimasi, agroekosistem, kelapa sawit, complete feed, ruminansia Hamdi Mayulu,Ir.,M.Si

Pengembangan pola integrasi ruminansia dengan tanaman melalui optimalisasi pemanfaatan hasil samping perkebunan untuk menyediakan bahan pakan (BP) spesifik lokasi merupakan proses saling menunjang dan menguntungkan karena dapat memperbaiki kesuburan lahan dan tanaman serta meningkatkan ketersediaan pakan sepanjang tahun, sehingga akan meningkatkan produksi dan produktivitas ternak Sistem integrasi ruminansia ke dalam agroekosistem perkebunan kelapa sawit merupakan pola diversifikasi potensial dalam upaya mendukung pengembangan peternakan. Informasi tentang potensi sumberdaya agroekosistem perkebunan kelapa sawit masih sangat terbatas, oleh karenanya potensi ini perlu dioptimalkan untuk mendapatkan alternatif pengembangan usaha tanaman dan ternak yang berorientasi bisnis dan berwawasan lingkungan. Peningkatan luas tanam menyebabkan hasil samping perkebunan dan industri kelapa sawit (limbah sawit) berupa pelepah, daun, tandan kosong sawit (TKS), serat perasan buah (SPB), bungkil inti sawit (BIS) dan lumpur minyak sawit (LMS) bertambah banyak. Pemanfaatannya sebagai BP sumber energi dan protein bagi ruminansia khususnya domba merupakan usaha efisien yang membuka peluang baru untuk menghasilkan produk ekonomis dan bermanfaat mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan. Sumberdaya pakan (SDP) tersebut seyogyanya dapat dioptimalkan kualitas dan utilitasnya agar diperoleh sumber pakan baru yang tidak memerlukan biaya besar. Perbaikan manajemen pakan menjadi alternatif terpenting dalam pengembangan usaha ternak domba ke arah yang lebih baik. Alternatif pemecahan yang dapat ditempuh untuk meningkatkan nilai pemanfaatan hasil samping perkebunan dan industri kelapa sawit secara optimal adalah menggunakan teknologi pengolahan menjadi complete feed (CF). Komposisi CF yang baik sedapat mungkin disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan ternak dan harus mempertimbangkan harganya, agar terjangkau oleh kemampuan peternak sehingga dapat menghasilkan keuntungan dalam usahanya. Inovasi teknologi memberikan alternatif agar semakin banyak usaha menggunakan BP yang tidak berkompetisi dengan hewan lain, juga dengan manusia. Keterbatasan penelitian untuk meningkatkan nilai nutrisi hasil samping kelapa sawit tersebut mendorong peneliti untuk mengatasi melalui teknik amoniasi fermentasi (amofer) dan diformulasi menjadi CF. Pemberian CF berbasis hasil samping perkebunan dan industri kelapa sawit diharapkan dapat berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas ruminansia dalam hal ini domba. Hamdi Mayulu,Ir.,M.Si

Save big on gasoline

What is the difference between a flea bitten dog and a bored visitor ? Ones going to itch and the other is itching to go !
If there are 5 flies in the kitchen how do you know which one is the American Football player ? The one in the sugar bowl !
What do you get if you cross a firefly and a moth ? An insect who can find its way around a dark wardrobe !
What did one centipede say to the other centipede ? You've got a lovely pair of legs, You've got a lovely pair of legs,You've got a lovely pair of legs,You've got a lovely pair of legs,You've got a lovely pair of legs,You've got a lovely pair of legs ....!
What did the wife spider say to her husband when he tried to explain why he was late ? Your spinning me a yarn here !
What is the difference between a flea bitten dog and a bored visitor ? Ones going to itch and the other is itching to go !
A flea jumped over the swinging doors of a saloon, drank three whiskeys and jumped out again. He picked himself up from the dirt, dusted himself down and said, "OK, who moved my dog?"
If King Kong went to Hong Kong to play ping pong and died. What would they put on his coffin ? A lid !
A teacher was giving a lesson on the circulation of the blood. Trying to make the matter clearer, he said: "Now, students, if I stood on my head the blood, as you know, would run into it, and I should turn red in the face." "Yes, sir," the boys said. "Then why is it that while I am standing upright in the ordinary position the blood doesn't run into my feet?" A little fellow shouted, "'It's because yer feet ain't empty."

Teacher: This is the third time I've had to tell you off this week, what have you got to say about that? Pupil: Thank heavens it's Friday!
An ideal homework excuse Teacher: Where is your homework? Pupil: Our furnace stopped working and we had to burn it to stop ourselves from freezing
The children had all been photographed, and the teacher was trying to persuade them each to buy a copy of the group picture. "Just think how nice it will be to look at it when you are all grown up and say, 'There's Jennifer; she's a lawyer,' or 'That's Michael, he's a doctor.'" A small voice from the back of the room rang out, "And there's the teacher; she's still old, nasty, and wrinkled"
Man: "How's your history paper coming?" Woman: "Well, my history professor suggested that I use the Internet for research, and it's been very helpful. Man: "Really?" Woman: "Yes! I've already located 17 people who sell them!"
"Isn't the principal a dummy!" said a boy to a girl. "Say, do you know who I am?" asked the girl. "No." "I'm the principal's daughter." "And do you know who I am?" asked the boy. "No," she replied. "Thank goodness!"
School Principal: I've called you into my office, Peter, because I want to talk to you about two words I wish you wouldn't use so often. One is "great" and the other is "lousy." Peter: Certainly, sir. What are they?

Computer and Accountant Jokes

Computer jokes

They say that the new super computer knows everything. A skeptical man came and asked the computer, "Where is my father?" The computer bleeped for a short while, and then came back with "Your father is fishing in Michigan." The skeptical man said triumphantly, "You see? I knew this was nonsense. My father has been dead for twenty years." "No", replied the super computer immediately. "Your mother's husband has been dead for twenty years. Your father just landed a three pound trout."

The problem with physicists is that they tend to cheat in order to get results. The problem with mathematicians is that they tend to work on toy problems in order to get results. The problem with program verifiers is that they tend to cheat at toy problems in order to get results.

How many IBM employees does it take to change a light bulb? Fifteen. Five to do it, and ten to write document number GC7500439-001, Multitasking Incadescent Source System Facility, of which 10% of the pages state only "This page intentionally left blank".

A confused caller was having troubles printing documents. He told the technician that the computer had said that it ''could not find the printer.'' The user had even tried turning the computer screen to face the printerbut his computer still could not 'see' the printer.

Accountant jokes

A guy in a bar leans over to the guy next to him and says, "Want to hear an accountant joke?" The guy next to him replies, "Well, before you tell that joke, you should know that I'm 6 feet tall, 200 pounds, and I'm an accountant. And the guy sitting next to me is 6'2" tall, 225 pounds, and he's an accountant. Now, do you still want to tell that joke?" The first guy says, "No, I don't want to have to explain it two times."

A 54-year-old accountant leaves a letter for his wife one evening which read: "Dear Wife, I am 54 years old, and by the time you get this letter I will be at the Grand Hotel with my beautiful and sexy eighteen year old secretary." When he arrived at the hotel, there was a letter waiting for him that read as follows: "Dear Husband, I too am 54 years old, and by the time you receive this letter I will be at the Savoy Hotel with my eighteen year old toy boy. Because you are an accountant, you will surely appreciate that l8 goes into 54 many more times than 54 goes into 18."

A young accountant spends a week at his new office with the retiring accountant he is replacing. Each and every morning as the more experienced accountant begins the day, he opens his desk drawer, takes out a worn envelope, removes a yellowing sheet of paper, reads it, nods his head, looks around the room with renewed vigor, returns the envelope to the drawer, and then begins his day's work. After he retires, the new accountant can hardly wait to read for himself the message contained in the envelope in the drawer, particularly since he feels so inadequate in replacing the far wiser and more highly esteemed accountant. Surely, he thinks to himself, it must contain the great secret to his success, a wondrous treasure of inspiration and motivation. His fingers tremble anxiously as he removes the mysterious envelope from the drawer and reads the following message: "Debits in the column toward t he file cabinet. Credits in the column toward the window."

Admin 2010, Januari
Hamdi Mayulu,Ir.,M.Si

TINJAUAN PERKEMBANGAN KEMAJUAN BIOTEKNOLOGI MENURUT ASPEK ETIKA, SOSIAL DAN HUKUM

Review of development progress of biotechnology comply with ethic, social and law aspects

Hamdi Mayulu dan Endang Sawitri

1) Staf pengajar Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda, Mahasiswa Doktor Ilmu Ternak UNDIP; 2) Staf pengajar Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda, Mahasiswa Doktor Ilmu Kedokteran UNDIP.

Abstract

The biotechnology had been extended in many field, such as agriculture, animal sciences and health sciences, so that purpose the people survive on life. Biotechnology means a technic which change the raw materials to perform the advantage commodities and usefulness by biology transformation for survival of the people life on long time. It is developed with multidisciplinary approach in molecular content. The basic sciences are base primary on biotech development and industry, which utilization of genetic engineering provide new insight for results the broad product. These faithful technology appear many controversy because they are not ensure to safety of biotech engineering transgenic product. The other effects was appeared it that internationally competition in biotechnology product business and marketing. These competition will be rise unrighteousness to development countries because they have not advance technology yet. The scientist who will doing the project research must be aware round as human on the earth. The scientific which can authorized just a view part of God authority and that we are mandatary of God in the earth which commanded for take care of the live equilibrium. The grace of Allah is very excellent, furthermore the people get of highest sciences for their self prosperity. Thus, the scientific can proportionally with ethical and morality. This is philosophy which can hold by our as the logic people to advance of science and knowledge without destroy of ethic and morally both material and spiritual.

Keywords: biotechnology, transgenic, ethical aspect, social aspect, law aspect.

Abstrak

Bioteknologi sudah merebak di banyak bidang seperti, pertanian, peternakan, kesehatan, yang semuanya bertujuan agar kita survival dalam kehidupan. Makna bioteknologi adalah teknik yang mengubah suatu bahan mentah melalui proses transformasi biologi untuk menghasilkan barang dan jasa yang bermanfaat demi kelangsungan hidup manusia sepanjang hayatnya. Bioteknologi dikembangkan melalui pendekatan multidisipliner dalam wacana molekuler. Ilmu-ilmu dasar merupakan tonggak utama pengembangan bioteknologi maupun industri bioteknologi, dimana pemanfaatan teknologi rekayasa genetik memberikan dimensi baru untuk menghasilkan produk yang tidak terbatas. Seperti halnya kemantapan jalan bioteknologi ini, banyak pihak yang kontra karena mereka tidak menjamin keamanan hasil transgenik rekayasa bioteknologi, malah membahayakan. Dampak lain yang dapat ditimbulkan oleh bioteknologi adalah persaingan internasional dalam perdagangan dan pemasaran produk bioteknologi. Persaingan tersebut dapat menimbulkan ketidakadilan bagi negara berkembang karena belum memiliki teknologi yang maju. Setiap ilmuwan yang akan mengadakan penelitian harus sadar akan kedudukannya sebagai manusia di bumi ini, bahwa ilmu pengetahuan yang dapat dikuasainya hanyalah sebagian kecil saja dari ilmu yang dikuasai oleh Tuhan, dan bahwa ia hanya pesuruh-Nya di bumi ini yang diminta untuk menjaga keseimbangan antara mahluk yang ada di bumi. Begitu mengagumkan karunia Allah SWT yang menciptakan otak dan akal pada manusia. Dengan kecerdasan, manusia mencari ilmu setinggi-tingginya demi kesejahteraan manusia sendiri. Dengan mengingat bahwa semua yang ada dalam diri adalah pemberian-Nya, maka ilmu pengetahuan pun dapat sejalan dengan etika dan moral. Inilah filsafat yang harus kita pegang sebagai manusia berakal untuk mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan tanpa kerusakan moral, etika, dan bahaya material spiritual.

Kata kunci: bioteknologi, transgenik, aspek etika, aspek sosial, aspek hukum.

Admin 2009 Agustus
Hamdi Mayulu,Ir.,M.Si

KAJIAN DAYA DUKUNG PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DAN LIMBAH HASIL OLAHANNYA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PAKAN RUMINANSIA

Study of support capability of palm plantation and its waste product as ruminant feed

1) Hamdi Mayulu: Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mulawarman (Jl. Pasir Belengkong Kampus Gunung Kelua Samarinda 75123); 2) C. Imam Sutrisno: Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Diponegoro (Kampus drh. Soejono Koesoemowardojo Tembalang Semarang 50275).

Abstrak

Penelitian dan pengembangan integrasi ternak di areal perkebunan telah dimulai sejak lama, walaupun penelitian masih terbatas pada pemanfaatan areal di antara tanaman perkebunan atau pemanfaatan limbah hasil perkebunan. Penelitian kajian daya dukung perkebunan kelapa sawit dan hasil olahannya ini terfokus pada kemampuannya menyediakan sumber pakan baru bagi ternak ruminansia. Sampai saat ini penelitian dan pengembangan integrasi ternak dengan tanaman pangan maupun perkebunan mengalami pasang surut yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Faktor pembatas tersebut ternyata diantaranya adalah dana, sumberdaya manusia, kebijakan di bidang perkebunan, fasilitas dan kerjasama antar peneliti.

Kata kunci: daya dukung; limbah sawit; pakan; ruminansia

Admin 2009 Agustus
Hamdi Mayulu,Ir.,M.Si